Nature Nugget – Electric Fishes

In marshes and stagnant areas of the Amazon Basin of South America lives a fish called the Electric Eel. Though not a true eel, but closely resembling one, its internal organs are found in a small area just behind the head with the remaining seven-eighths of its body being tail. Reaching lengths of six to nine feet, Electric Eels are obligate air-breathers, requiring a breath of air every few minutes.

The most unique thing about the Electric Eel is that it has the capability of emitting an electric discharge of up to 650 volts and a current of up to 1 ampere. It has been known to kill humans and to knock down a horse crossing a stream from 20 feet away. The main functions of these high intensity electric discharges are for stunning or killing its prey and for defense from predators. It also produces low intensity discharges in the 5 to 10 volt range for sensory perception (electro-location), allowing it to navigate and find its prey in muddy water and to communicate with others of its kind. The Electric Eel’s body is similar to a battery with the tail end having a positive charge and the head region a negative charge.

Another electric fish is the Electric Catfish, which is found among rocks and roots in dark, freshwater rivers and lakes of Western and Central Africa and the Nile River. Electric Catfishes are nocturnal and feed on smaller fishes, worms, crustaceans, and insects. Attaining a maximum size of around three feet in length, they can live for up to 15 years. Like the Electric Eel, they can produce an electric shock, but at only about half the volts (about 300–350 volts), which is also used for stunning prey and for defense. The Arabs and Egyptians used Electric Catfishes for medicinal purposes.

Another electric fish, the Torpedo Ray, found in the Mediterranean Sea, was also used for medicinal purposes. Discharging up to 220 volts and 120 amperes of current, the Torpedo Rays were used by Roman physicians as shock therapy to treat gout, mental illness, and headaches. The Greeks used the Electric Ray, a smaller, less potent relative of the Torpedo Ray, to treat headaches. They did this by wrapping the ray around the head of the patient.

The electric organs of electric fishes are composed of multiple stacks of coin-shaped cells, derived from neuromuscular tissue, called electroplaques. Nervous stimulation of each cell produces a small electrical flow from one face of the coin-shaped cell to the other. Simultaneous stimulation of many electro-plaques arranged in a column and all oriented with their innervated side up will produce a strong net current. These electroplaque columns are like batteries aligned in series; the more in a line, the greater the voltage produced. Also, the more stacks aligned in parallel, the greater the amperage.

All these fishes are capable of producing power in the form of electricity for defense against their enemies; likewise the Christian is capable of having power against his enemy, Satan, through the shed blood of Jesus Christ. “Reach up and grasp His hand, that the touch may electrify you and charge you with the sweet properties of His own matchless character. You may open your hearts to His love, and let His power transform you and His grace be your strength.” Testimonies, vol. 4, 63.

David Arbour writes from his home in DeQueen, Arkansas. He may be contacted by e-mail at: landmarks@stepstolife.org.